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  • The IMDb of Books is Goodreads

     

    Goodreads is designed for book lovers. Founded in 2006 by Otis Chandler, this site allows users to track the books they have read, write reviews, rate books, and create reading lists.

    Useful Features

    Users can write reviews of the books they have read and rate them between 1 and 5 stars. They can add books they wish to read in the future to their Reading List. The site offers book recommendations based on users’ reading history and preferences. Users can join book groups to discuss specific books or topics. It provides numerous benefits and is an organization that enriches the reading experience and encourages the sharing of knowledge among book enthusiasts.

  • Places to See in Izmir

    Alaçatı 

    Alaçatı, located approximately 77 km away from İzmir, has become one of Turkey’s most popular tourist destinations in recent years. Alaçatı stands out with its natural beauty, historical texture, ideal conditions for wind sports, and tranquil atmosphere. In addition to being a holiday center in İzmir, Alaçatı is also known as Turkey’s windsurfing paradise. Every year, water sports enthusiasts from all over the world come to experience the wind conditions in Alaçatı. Besides windsurfing, Alaçatı also offers opportunities for sailing, kite surfing, and stand-up paddleboarding, captivating visitors with its natural beauty. The streets of Alaçatı showcase a unique blend of colorful Greek and Turkish architecture. Narrow streets, stone houses, historic churches, and windmills create the characteristic appearance of the town. Visitors can enjoy pleasant walks within this historical setting, savor delicious meals at its restaurants, and shop at its boutique stores. 


    Çeşme Castle


    Çeşme Castle, located in the Çeşme district of İzmir, is a historic castle. Originally built with four bastions from cut stone, the castle was once by the sea but is now inland due to land reclamation. Çeşme Castle, which combines Genoese and Ottoman architectural styles, is considered one of the important castles in Western Anatolia. Built in a rectangular shape by Sultan Bayezid II in 1508, the castle is notable for its six towers and the moats on three sides. Each year, Çeşme Castle hosts the International Çeşme Music Competition and Çeşme Festival. From the top of the castle, you can enjoy a panoramic view of Çeşme.

    A view from Çeşme Castle in April; 

    A surrounding view from Çeşme Castle; 



    The Library of Celsus


    Located in the Selçuk district of İzmir, the Library of Celsus is one of the most important structures of the ancient city of Ephesus. This magnificent structure was built during the Roman Imperial Period, between AD 110-135. The library was constructed by Gaius Julius Aquila in memory of his father, the Roman senator Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus. 

    The Library of Celsus is 21 meters wide and 17 meters high, and it is notable for its rich architectural decorations. The library is accessed by a nine-step staircase and rises on a platform created by a vaulted infrastructure. On the front facade of the building, there are four statues representing the concepts of wisdom (Sophia), virtue (Arete), fate (Ennoia), and knowledge (Episteme). The originals of these statues are now exhibited in the Vienna Museum.


    The Library of Celsus once housed approximately 14,000 manuscripts. This library served not only as a center of knowledge but also as a monumental tomb built in memory of Celsus. The sarcophagus of Celsus is located on the ground floor of the library.

    Today, the magnificent ruins of the Library of Celsus continue to be a major attraction for tourists visiting the ancient city of Ephesus. The façade of the library is particularly popular among photographers and history enthusiasts.

  • Graphics Cards Used in Computers: What Are They and How Do They Work?

    What is a Graphics Card?

    The graphics card is a hardware component that delivers images to the computer screen. Essentially, it is a powerful component with a graphics processing unit (GPU) and memory. Graphics cards allow us to view games, videos, and other graphics-intensive content. 

    Graphics Card Types


    Integrated Graphics Cards

    These types of graphics cards are built into the motherboard or processor. They are generally used for low power consumption and basic graphic tasks. They are commonly found in thin laptops and some tablets. 

    Dedicated Graphics Cards 

    These cards are installed on the motherboard as an independent component. They are ideal for high-performance gaming and graphic processing. Brands like NVIDIA and AMD offer various models to meet different user needs. 


    Working Principle of the Graphics Card

    Graphics cards receive data from the computer’s central processing unit (CPU) and convert this data into graphical information. 


    Data Acquisition 

    The CPU sends processed data to the graphics card. 

    Processing

    The GPU converts this data into graphical information. It performs complex mathematical calculations to handle 2D and 3D graphics processing. 

    Memory Usage

    The graphics card’s memory stores the processed data and provides fast access. 

    Image Transmission

    The processed graphical data is sent to the monitor as analog signals and displayed on the screen. 


    Finally

    Graphics cards are critical components that determine a computer’s graphic processing and image display capabilities. Depending on individual needs and use scenarios, selecting the right graphics card can provide better performance and visual experience. 

  • How Do Watch Dials Glow in the Dark?

     

    The glowing of watch dials in the dark typically occurs through a process called “luminescence.” In this process, certain materials absorb light and then emit it in the dark. Here are some common methods used to achieve this glow:


    Photoluminescence

    In this method, watch dials absorb light during the day and then glow in the dark by releasing that stored energy. Materials like Luminova and Super-Luminova operate on this principle. These materials contain phosphors like strontium aluminate, which absorb sunlight and store energy.  

    Chemical Reactions

    Some watches can glow in the dark through chemical reactions. These watches generally provide short-term illumination and are often used for emergency situations. 

    Radioactive Substances 

    In the past, radioactive materials were used in watch dials. These materials emitted a constant low level of light, causing the dials to glow in the dark. However, after it was discovered that radium was hazardous to health, safer alternatives like tritium and promethium were introduced. 

  • The Sick Man: The Last Century of the Ottoman Empire


    By the late 19th century, the Ottoman Empire began to be referred to as the “Sick Man of Europe.” This term represented the empire’s economic, military, and political weaknesses. We will have refined information about the significant events, reforms, and ultimate collapse that the Ottoman Empire experienced during its last century.


    Political Weakening and National Movements

    Throughout the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire witnessed the independence struggles of many ethnic groups and nations. Countries like Greece (1821-1832), Serbia (1804-1835), and Bulgaria (1908) declared their independence by rebelling against Ottoman rule. This process weakened the empire’s political structure and encouraged nationalist movements. 


    Reform Efforts

    In an attempt to strengthen the empire, the Ottoman government implemented various reforms. With the Tanzimat Edict (1839) and the Reform Edict (1856), the goals were modernization and the strengthening of central authority. Changes were made in education, the rule of law, and the economic structure. However, these reforms often remained superficial and unfortunately did not achieve significant transformation. 

    Economic Crises

    By the late 19th century, the Ottoman Empire faced economic difficulties. The agricultural sector was not sufficiently affected by the industrial revolution, leading to economic decline. The state turned to external borrowing, which endangered the empire’s independence. The bankruptcy in 1875 almost openly declared the collapse of the empire’s financial structure.  

    Balkan Wars and World War I

    The Balkan Wars (1912-1913) led to the loss of Ottoman territories in the Balkans. These wars made it evident to everyone that the empire was clearly on the brink of collapse; the end seemed near. During World War I (1914-1918), the Ottomans were part of the Central Powers and were defeated after the war. This defeat marked the effective end of the empire, even if it remained nominally alive. 

    Proclamation of the Republic

    The Ottoman Empire officially came to an end in 1922. On October 29, 1923, the Republic of Turkey was proclaimed under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. This new state aimed to shape the legacy left by the Ottoman Empire into a modern nation-state. 

  • Napoleon Bonaparte: The Face of War, Ambition and Empire

    Napoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15, 1769, on the island of Corsica. He came from a poor aristocratic family. Influenced by his family, he turned to a military career at a young age. He received education at military schools in Brienne-le-Château and Paris, where he developed his military skills. 


    The French Revolution of 1789 shaped Napoleon’s career. He rose during the Revolution and achieved success in the Siege of Toulon in 1793. In 1796, he gained significant victories as the commander of the French army during the Italian campaign and earned fame.  

    Expeditions to Italy and Egypt

    The victories he achieved in Italy between 1796 and 1797 made him one of the most popular leaders among the French. During his Egyptian campaign in 1798, he conducted both military and scientific research, but did not achieve success against the British.

    Seizure of Power

    In 1799, he returned to France and seized power through the Coup of 18 Brumaire, becoming Consul. From 1800 to 1804, he implemented political and economic reforms in France. 



    Imperial Period

    In 1804, he declared himself Emperor and established the French Empire. He introduced the Napoleonic Code, which reorganized the legal system. Napoleon participated in numerous wars in Europe (such as Austerlitz, Jena, and Friedland) and conquered many countries. European states united against Napoleon’s expansionist policies. 

    Fall and Exile

    The Russian campaign of 1812 was one of Napoleon’s greatest mistakes, resulting in significant losses for his army. In 1814, he abdicated and was exiled to the island of Elba. However, he returned shortly afterward. In 1815, he was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo by the United Kingdom and Prussia. Following this defeat, he was exiled to the island of Saint Helena, where he spent the remainder of his life. 


    His Death and Legacy

    He died on May 5, 1821, on Saint Helena. Napoleon left his mark on history as a military genius, reformist leader, and controversial figure. The Napoleonic Wars changed the political map of Europe. Napoleon’s reforms laid the foundations for modern legal systems and state governance. His military tactics are still taught in many military academies today. 

  • The Brief Life of Adolf Hitler





    Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889, in the town of Braunau am Inn, Austria. From a young age, he showed an interest in art and attempted to enter an academy of fine arts in Vienna but was not accepted. This period was a significant turning point in Hitler’s life; his political views and antisemitic sentiments were shaped during this time.


    World War I: Hitler, who moved to Germany in 1913, joined the German army in 1914 with the outbreak of World War I. He demonstrated bravery during the war and was awarded the Iron Cross. The end of the war and Germany’s defeat led to feelings of frustration that would later form the foundation of his political ideology. 

    Political Career: The economic difficulties and political instability in post-war Germany provided a basis for Hitler to join the German Workers’ Party in 1919. This party later became the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi Party). The failed Munich Putsch in 1923 resulted in Hitler being sentenced to prison, during which he wrote his book “Mein Kampf” (My Struggle), outlining his ideology and goals. 

    Rise to Power: In the 1930s, the Nazi Party gained popularity during the economic depression, and in 1933, Hitler became Chancellor of Germany. He quickly established a totalitarian regime, suppressing opposition, controlling the press, and implementing his policies through extensive propaganda. 

    World War II: Hitler initiated World War II by attacking Poland in 1939. Over the years of the war, Germany occupied many European countries. However, as the war progressed, the tide turned with the 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union and the 1944 D-Day invasion, which brought negative outcomes for Germany. 

    The Holocaust: Hitler’s policies led to the Holocaust, a systematic genocide that targeted six million Jews, as well as other ethnic and social groups. 

    Final Years and Death: As Germany began losing the war in 1945, Hitler retreated to Berlin. On April 30, 1945, just days before the war’s end, he committed suicide. After his death, the leadership of the Nazi Party came to an end, and Germany was restructured in the post-war period. 

  • Electronics And Communication Engineering For The Enthusiast

    The Electronics and Communication Engineering program provides education on the processing, transmission, reception, and storage of information such as data, voice, and video. In this field, electronic devices and systems capable of performing these functions are designed, with a focus on antennas, electromagnetic field and wave theories, and their applications. Additionally, the physical properties and production technologies of semiconductor electronic components are also studied. The program aims to train engineers with the knowledge and scientific foundation to adapt to rapidly changing electronics and telecommunications technologies. 



    An electronics and communication engineer must possess a level of knowledge and a scientific foundation that enables them to adapt to rapidly changing electronics and telecommunications technologies.

    Job Opportunities

    Institutions developing defense technologies (ROKETSAN, HAVELSAN, …) 

    Electronic design companies (Analog Devices, ST, Mikro-IC, Hittite, Maxim, …)

    International manufacturer representatives (Cisco Systems, IBM, Ericsson, HP, …) 

    Data transmission operators (COMSAT, …) 

    Television and radio broadcasters IT departments of large companies or banks (SoftTech, Fintek, Garanti Teknoloji, …)

    Consumer electronics manufacturers (Bosch, Siemens, Vestel, Arçelik, …)

    Internet service providers (TTNET, Turkcell Superonline, …) 

    Telephone system operators (Vodafone, Turkcell, Türk Telekom, …) 

    Research and educational institutions (TÜBİTAK, universities, high technology institutes, …) 

    Military electronics and communication sector (Meteksan Savunma, ASELSAN, …)  


    Electronic and Communication Engineering research areas:

    Data Communication and Network Technologies: Focus on data transmission, network protocols, network security, and network architectures.

    Electromagnetic Fields and Waves: Analysis of electromagnetic fields, wave propagation, and antenna design.

    Signal Processing: Processing, analysis, and compression of audio, image, and data signals.

    Telecommunication Systems: Study of mobile and fixed communication systems, satellite communication, and wireless communication technologies.

    Semiconductor Technologies: Properties of semiconductor materials, circuit design, and microelectronic applications.

    Embedded Systems: Design of embedded systems, hardware-software integration, and applications.

    Sensor and Actuator Technologies: Design of sensors, data collection, and processing methods.

    Intelligent Systems and Automation: Study of smart networks, automation systems, and IoT (Internet of Things) applications.

    Communication Protocols and Security: Communication protocols, data security, and encryption methods.

    Target Recognition and Tracking: Target recognition and tracking systems using signal processing techniques.

  • Linkin Park: The Face of Modern Rock

     

    When Linkin Park was formed in 1996 in Agoura Hills, California, USA, no one had any idea that they would revolutionize the rock music world. The founding members Mike Shinoda, Brad Delson, Rob Bourdon, Joe Hahn, Dave “Phoenix” Farrell, and Chester Bennington were different people from different genres. 



    Thanks to Linkin Park’s first album, Hybrid Theory (2000), they instantly became a globally recognized band. The album received great acclaim by combining alternative rock, nu-metal, and electronic elements. The aggressive guitar riffs, powerful vocals, and hip-hop influences in their songs set the band apart from others. The success of Hybrid Theory was followed by Meteora (2003), which solidified the band’s success and brought them great hits. Songs like “Numb,” “In the End,” and “Somewhere I Belong” were highly praised by both critics and listeners alike.



    The Transformation of the Group and Different Searches


    With the release of Minutes to Midnight in 2007, the band took a new musical direction. The more mature and experimental approach in this album showed that the band was not confined to just one genre. Tracks like “What I’ve Done” and “Bleed It Out” proved to listeners that Linkin Park constantly offers an evolving sound palette.


    The albums A Thousand Suns in 2010 and Living Things in 2012 revealed how the band members expanded their personal and political styles. These albums brought both radical changes and some controversies, but at the same time showcased the band’s artistic expansion and experimental nature. This was due to the aging of the band members and the constantly evolving electronic music industry. 


    Chester Bennington’s Farewell

    Chester’s presence in the band greatly contributed to the Linkin Park sound. His powerful vocals showed the world what a big voice he had. The passing of Chester Bennington in the summer of 2017 caused great sorrow in the music world. After his death, the band members went through a difficult period both musically and personally.


  • Why was the Berlin Wall in Germany Built?

     

    In August 1961, the Berlin Wall was constructed by East Germany, dividing the city of Berlin into two. It stood until 1990. After World War II, Germany was divided into West Germany and East Germany. This wall was referred to as the “wall of shame” by Westerners and the “anti-fascist barrier” by Easterners. The Allied powers, who won the war against Nazi Germany, had divided Germany and the city of Berlin into four occupation zones. After the war, the Allied powers grew distant from each other due to their divergent interests. The Western bloc, led by the United States, and the Eastern bloc, led by the Soviet Union, entered into fierce competition, which even extended to cinema films. This period is known as the Cold War. In 1949, the merging of the Allied occupation zones led to the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) in the Soviet-occupied zone. The city of Berlin was divided into East Berlin and West Berlin. The length of the Berlin Wall was 155 km, and its height was 3.5 m. Additionally, there was also an electric barbed wire fence. East Germany justified the construction of the wall as a means to prevent hostile activities from West Germany, while West Germany interpreted it as a way to stop East Germans from migrating to the West. From 1949 to 1961, approximately 3 million people had left East Germany. After the construction of the wall, East Germany allowed West Germans to visit East Berlin while prohibiting its own citizens from traveling to the West. Between 1961 and 1988, 100,000 East Germans attempted to escape, and more than 500 were killed by guards’ fire. Finally, the Berlin Wall was dismantled between June 13 and November 13, 1990.